RULE
19 - Restricted Visibility & Fog Related Questions
Question
- Answers and Tips
Imagine That the image
above is your Radar Screen and your vessel is in the middle
of the screen, we then split the radar screen into four quarters
With the Diagram above:
If
there is an
"S" then
you would make an early and bold alteration to Starboard
If
there is a "P"
then
you would make an early and bold alteration to Port
if there is a vessel
dead astern of you and he's overtaking you then you can alter
either way
If there's a vessel
on your starboard beam, then alter hard to Port
If you're overtaking
a vessel "Take the shortest possible route" to get
back onto your original course and go around his stern (Avoid
as much as possible crossing ahead of the vessel your overtaking,
this is a very dangerous manoeuvre)
Questions
and Answers with tips
(Q)
What Does Rule 19 mean to you?
(a) The Conduct of vessels in or near an area of restricted
visibility
(Q)
What is a safe speed in restricted visibility?
(a) A speed that you can stop in half the visible distance you can
see, so you can manoeuvre out of danger in the other half (if the
visibility is zero, then minimum speed that you can keep your course)
(Q)
What does Rule 19 part (a) say?
(a) This Rule applies to ALL vessels in or near an
area of Restricted visibility (so if you're in a power-driven vessel
and the other vessel is "Not Under Command", both vessels
have to use Rule 19 and both have to give way
(Q)
What does Rule 19 part (b) say?
(a) Every vessel shall go at a safe speed and have
her engines ready for immediate manoeuvre
(Q)
What does Rule 19 part (c) say?
(a)
Every vessel shall have due regards to the prevailing conditions
and circumstances of restricted visibility
(What
it means)
(i)
Keep an eye on the weather,
(ii)
Get the skipper up and double up the watch,
(iii)
Open the windows and listen for fog signals,
(iv)
Start to sound your own fog signal
(v)
Man the radar's
(vi)
Have your engines ready to stop or come astern
(vii)
Be ready to switch the autopilot off and go onto manual steering
(viii)
Close all watertight doors - incase of a collision
(Q)
What does Rule 19 (d) say?
(a) Take a series of Radar Bearings to see if a risk
of collision/close quarters situation exists and if so then the
following should be avoided (d parts i and ii)
(Q)
What does Rule 19 (d) part (i) say?
(a) Avoid an alteration to PORT for a vessel forward
of the beam - unless your overtaking
(Q)
What does Rule 19 (d) part (ii) say?
(a) Avoid an alteration towards a vessel abeam or abaft the beam
(Q)
What does Rule 19 part (e) say?
(a) If you hear a fog signal but can't detect him
on radar or cannot avoid a close quarter situation, then slow down
your vessel and if still unsure stop your vessel until the danger
is final past and clear
(Q)
In restricted visibility - you have detected a vessel, but what
does detect mean?
(a)
That you can see the target on your radar screen
(Q)
If you plot a vessel on radar and the 3 bearings are steady what
does this mean?
(a) That your on a collision
course
(Q)
If you plot a vessel on radar and the 3 bearings are nearly steady,
what does this mean?
(a) That you are going into a close quarter situation/collision
course
(Q)
You have just one plot of a target on screen, what are you going
to do with this?
(a) Keep plotting him, this is scanty radar information and can't
be relied upon
(Q)
You have two plot's of a target on screen, what are you going to
do with this?
(a)
Keep plotting him, this is scanty radar information and can't be
relied upon
(Q)
You have 3 plots of a target on your starboard bow bearings steady
- what are you going to do?
(a)
Make an early and bold alteration to Starboard - other vessel should
do the same (Rule 19 d part (i) for you)
(Q)
What manoeuvring signal will you make for that manoeuvre?
(a) None, manoeuvring signals are only used when "VESSELS ARE
IN SIGHT OF ONE ANOTHER"
(Q)
You have 3 plots of a target on your port bow - bearings steady
- what are you going to do?
(a) Make an early and bold alteration to Starboard - other vessel
should do the same (Rule 19 d part (i) for you)
(Q)
You have 3 plots of a target on your port beam - bearings steady
- what are you going to do?
(a) Make an early and bold alteration to Starboard - other vessel
should do the same (Rule 19 d part (ii) for you)
(Q)
You have 3 plots of a target on your port quarter - bearings steady
- what are you going to do?
(a)
Make an early and bold alteration to Starboard - other vessel can
go to port/starboard if he is overtaking you (Rule 19 d part (ii)
for you)
(Q)
You have 3 plots of a target dead astern - bearings steady - what
are you going to do?
(a)
Make an early and bold alteration to Starboard/Port - other vessel
can go to port/starboard if he is overtaking you (Rule 19 d part
(ii) for you)
(Q)
You have 3 plots of a target on your Starboard quarter - bearings
steady - what are you going to do?
(a) Make an early and bold alteration to Port - other vessel
can go to port/starboard if he is overtaking you (Rule 19 d part
(ii) for you)
(Q)
You have 3 plots of a target on your Starboard beam - bearings steady
- what are you going to do?
(a) Make an early and bold alteration to Port - other vessel should
go to starboard (Rule 19 d part (ii) for you)
(Q)
You have taken 2 plots of a vessel on your starboard bow and about
to take a third plot when you blew a fuse on your radar, the engineer
is trying to find a fuse, what are you going to do?
(a) Stop your vessel and change your fog signal if in a power-driven
vessel to 2 prolonged blasts on the ships whistle, if in a hampered
vessel then leave the fog signal as 1 prolonged blast followed by
2 short blasts on the ships whistle
(Q)
What distance would you say is a close quarter situation?
(a) Out in the open sea - 4 miles
(Q)
Does it state 4 miles for a close quarter situation in the Rules
of the Road?
(a) No, This is just a guide to keep away
from all vessels, placing a vessel into a close quarter situation
or risk of collision is dangerous and should never be done
(Q)
Your engineer has fixed the radar but in the time it took him
to find a fuse you have landed in a close quarter situation, what
are you going to do?(a) Come full astern with the vessel
and hopefully miss the oncoming vessel, if there was a collision
then you would lessen the damage
(Q)
What is the fog Signal for a fishing vessel - Underway or Making
way?
(a) One prolonged blast followed by two short blasts on the
ships whistle at intervals not exceeding two minutes
(Q)
What is the fog signal for a power-driven vessel - Underway or Making
way?(a) ONE prolonged blast if Making
way and TWO prolonged blasts if Underway
on the ships whistle at intervals not exceeding two minutes
(Q)
What is the fog signal for the following?
(i)
A Sailing vessel
(ii)
A fishing vessel
(iii)
A vessel Not Under Command
(iv)
A vessel Restricted in her ability to manoeuvre
(v)
A vessel Constrained by her Draught
(vi)
A vessel engaged in towing something
(vii)
A minesweeper
(vii)
A dredger
(a) One prolonged blast followed by two short blasts on the ships
whistle at intervals not exceeding two minutes
(Q)
What is the fog signal for the following?
(i)
A pilot vessel
(ii)
A supertanker
(iii)
A ferry
(iv)
A passenger liner
(v)
A hovercraft
(vi)
A sailing vessel with a cone apex down
(vii)
A fishing vessel with his fishing gear still on the vessel
(a) If Making way - ONE prolonged blast and if Underway TWO prolonged
blasts on the ships whistle at intervals not exceeding 2 minutes
(Q)
What is the fog signal for a vessel towing a manned vessel?
(a)
One prolonged blast followed by two short blasts by the towing vessel
and the vessel being towed will sound One prolonged blast followed
by three short blasts on the ships whistle at intervals not exceeding
2 minutes
The towing vessel
sound his signal immediately after the towing vessels signal
(Q)
What is the Pilots identity signal?
(a)
He may if he want sound an identity signal of 4 short blasts on
the ships whistle
(There is no Time
limit with the pilots identity signal)
(Q)
What is the fog signal of a Pilot vessel underway - then Making
way?
(a)
When UNDERWAY
- 2 prolonged blasts on the ships whistle followed by 4 short blasts
to indicate he has a pilot onboard
When MAKINGWAY
- 1 prolonged blast on the ships whistle followed by 4 short blasts
to indicate he has a pilot onboard
(Q)
A vessel at Anchor under 100 metres - what is his fog signal?
(a)
(5) TIP - remember the number
A rapid ringing
on the bell for 5 seconds at intervals
not exceeding ONE minute
(Q)
A vessel at anchor over 100 metres - what is his fog signal?
(a)
(5 - 5) TIP - remember the numbers
A rapid ringing
on the bell for 5 seconds followed
by
A rapid ringing
on the gong aft for 5 seconds at
intervals not exceeding ONE minute
(Q) What is the warning signal a vessel may
sound if he is at anchor to alert others they are on a collision
course or coming to close to him?
(a) Morse "R" which
is - One short - One Long - One short blast on the ships whistle
(Q) A Pilot onboard a vessel at anchor under
100 metres - what is the fog signal?
(a)
(5 - 4) TIP - Remember the numbers
A rapid ringing
on the bell for 5 seconds at intervals
not exceeding ONE minute
and if he wants
he may sound 4 short blast to indicate
there is a Pilot onboard
(No time limit
for pilots identity signal)
(Q)
A Pilot onboard a vessel at anchor over 100 metres - what is the
fog signal?
(a)
(5 - 5 - 4) TIP - Remember the numbers
A
rapid ringing on the bell for 5 seconds
followed by
A
rapid ringing on the gong aft for 5
seconds at intervals not exceeding ONE minute
He
may if he wants sound the pilots identity signal of 4
short blasts on the ships whistle
(No
time limit for the Pilots identity signal)
(Q)
A vessel aground under 100 metres - what is his fog signal?
(a) (3 - 5 - 3) TIP - remember
the numbers
3
distinct strokes on the bell
rapid
ringing on the bell for 5 seconds
3
distinct strokes on the bell
at
intervals not exceeding ONE minute
(Q)
A vessel aground over 100 metres - what is his fog signal?
(a) (3 - 5 - 3 - 5) TIP - remember
the numbers
3
distinct strokes on the bell
rapid
ringing on the bell for 5 seconds
3
distinct strokes on the bell
rapid
ringing on the gong aft for 5 seconds
at
intervals not exceeding ONE minute
(Q)
You heard a fog signal - can you tell where this fog signal is coming
from, you can't see nothing on radar?
(a) No, the sound in restricted visibility deceives the human ear
(Q)
You heard a fog signal - you're unsure where it's coming from -
what are you going to do with your vessel?
(a) Slow down to a minimum speed
and if still unsure - stop your vessel until the danger is past
(Q)
A small sailing vessel is a very bad radar target, the echo passes
over the vessel, how can he improve his chances of being detected
on radar?
(a) By putting up a radar reflector
as high up his mast as possible
(Q)
Autopilots - do you use them while in restricted visibility - if
so why do you use them then?
(a) Because using an autopilot in restricted visibility gives you
more time to study the radar and listen out for fog signals, as
long as you can switch the autopilot off very quickly and go onto
manual steering
(Q)
Autopilot - what is the maximum time allowed by the rules to switch
them off to go onto manual steering?
(a) Maximum is 30 seconds - I personally think this is too long |
